《思想者指南系列丛书：什么是批判性思维》是“思想者指南系列丛书”当中的一本，属于该系列下的“基础篇”，主要供广大读者使用。《思想者指南系列丛书：什么是批判性思维》介绍并阐述了批判性思维的概念、特点及方法，从而为读者进行后续的学习和阅读提供铺垫。
适读人群 ：学生，教师，职场人士，一般读者
思辨能力的高下将决定一个人学业的优劣、事业的成败乃至一个民族的兴衰。在此意义上，我向全国中小学教师、
高等学校教师和学生以及社会大众郑重推荐“思想者指南系列丛书”。相信该套丛书的普及阅读和学习运用，必将
有利于促进教育改革，提高人才培养质量，提升大众思辨能力，为创新型国家建设和社会文明进步作出深远的贡
献。（孙有中，教授，北京外国语大学副校长）
Linda Elder：教育心理学专家、思辨研究专家，在美国多所大学任教，主要教授课程为教育心理学、思辨能力培养；思辨研究协会会长、思辨中心执行主任。Richard Paul：思辨研究专家，国际思辨研究运动主要负责人，已发表200余篇与思辨研究相关的论文、出版25部论述思辨研究的著作。
Introduction for Teachers and Students．．．．．．．．．．i
There are Three Main Kinds of Thinkers．．．．．．．．．．1
The Fairminded Critical Thinker．．．．．．．．．．2
The Selfish Critical Thinker．．．．．．．．．．3
The Na?ve Thinker．．．．．．．．．．4
Developing Intellectual Character．．．．．．．．．．5
How to Become a Fairminded Critical Thinker．．．．．．．．．．6
Intellectual Standards Help You Think Better．．．．．．．．．．9
Be Clear： Don’t Confuse People．．．．．．．．．．10
Be Accurate： Make Sure It’s True．．．．．．．．．．11
Be Relevant： Make Sure You Stay on Track．．．．．．．．．．12
Be Logical： Make Sure Everything Fits Together．．．．．．．．．．13
Be Fair： Make Sure You Consider Others．．．．．．．．．．14
Some Important Intellectual Standards．．．．．．．．．．15
A Checklist of Questions You Can Ask to Target
Intellectual Standards．．．．．．．．．．16
Think About Fairness．．．．．．．．．．17
Journal Entry Focusing on Unfair Thinking and Behavior．．．．．．．．．．18
We Take Our Thinking Apart to Find Problems in Our Thinking — and Solve Them．．．．．．．．．．19
Think About Purpose．．．．．．．．．．20
State the Question．．．．．．．．．．21
Gather the Information．．．．．．．．．．22
Check Your Inferences．．．．．．．．．．23
Question Your Assumptions．．．．．．．．．．24
Clarify Your Concepts．．．．．．．．．．25
Understand Your Point of View．．．．．．．．．．26
Think Through the Implications．．．．．．．．．．27
Clarifying Inferences and Assumptions 28
Finding Your Inferences and Assumptions．．．．．．．．．．30
Critical Thinkers Seek Better Ways of Doing Things．．．．．．．．．．32
Strategies for Using the Parts of Thinking．．．．．．．．．．33
Analyzing Problems．．．．．．．．．．33
Analyzing Characters in a Story．．．．．．．．．．35
Analyzing Chapters in a Textbook．．．．．．．．．．37
Analyzing Experiments．．．．．．．．．．39
Analyzing the Data Collected (After Experiments)．．．．．．．．．．40
Analyzing Subjects or Disciplines．．．．．．．．．．41
Asking Questions in Class Which Target the Parts of Thinking．．．．．．．．．．42
Strategies for Clarifying and Understanding Important Ideas：
Clarifying Your Own Ideas， Clarifying What O
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