本书在介绍国家生态文明建设和我国当前的主要水问题基础上，详细
介绍了水生态系统、河流湖泊水库生态调查、水生态要素分析与计算，以
及水生态修复的规划设计和修复案例，进而讨论了河湖生态模型构建、河
流廊道自然化工程、河湖水系连通工程和水库生态调度等内容。全书结构
清晰，各部分内容配有相应的实例分析，并且每章后配有相应的思考题，
以便读者能及时掌握所学知识。
本书适合作为高等学校水利类、生态类、环境类等专业的教材，也可
供独立学院、高职高专和成人高等学校师生及有关工程技术人员参阅。
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主持和参与国家级、省部级科研项目多项，如国家科技支撑计划课题子项目“水产养殖池塘底泥对养殖水体的影响”等
目 录
0 绪论 ······································································································ 1
0.1 国家生态文明建设 ············································································ 1
0.1.1 人类文明进程与可持续发展的提出 ································································· 1
0.1.2 我国生态文明建设发展历程 ·········································································· 4
0.2 水生态文明发展要求 ········································································· 5
0.2.1 水生态文明 ······························································································· 5
0.2.2 水生态文明建设 ························································································· 7
0.3 我国当前的主要水问题 ······································································ 8
0.3.1 水资源短缺 ······························································································· 9
0.3.2 水环境污染 ······························································································· 9
0.3.3 水生态破坏 ····························································································· 11
0.4 生态水利学的研究方法 ····································································· 11
思考题 ································································································· 12
参考文献 ······························································································ 12
1 水生态系统 ···························································································· 14
1.1 流域水循环 ···················································································· 14
1.1.1 降水 ······································································································ 15
1.1.2 蒸发与散发 ····························································································· 15
1.1.3 流域产流 ································································································ 20
1.1.4 流域汇流 ································································································ 23
1.2 河流生态系统构成 ··········································································· 25
1.2.1 环境要素的构成 ······················································································· 26
1.2.2 生物群落的构成 ······················································································· 28
1.3 湖泊水库生态系统构成 ····································································· 32
1.3.1 非生物成分 ····························································································· 33
1.3.2 生物成分 ································································································ 36
1.4 水生态系统面临的胁迫 ····································································· 37
1.4.1 水污染 ··································································································· 37
1.4.2 过度开发 ································································································ 38
1.4.3 围湖造田 ································································································ 40
1.4.4 外来种入侵 ····························································································· 40
1.4.5 水利工程 ································································································ 43
·iv· 生态水利学
思考题 ································································································· 44
参考文献 ······························································································ 45
2 河流湖泊水库生态调查 ············································································· 47
2.1 水质生物学监测 ·············································································· 47
2.1.1 水质生物学监测原理和优势 ········································································ 47
2.1.2 水质理化监测 ·························································································· 48
2.1.3 指示生物监测 ·························································································· 48
2.1.4 生物指数分析 ·························································································· 52
2.2 河流湖泊水库水生生物调查 ······························································· 55
2.2.1 浮游生物调查 ·························································································· 55
2.2.2 大型水生植物调查 ···················································································· 59
2.2.3 底栖生物调查 ·························································································· 60
2.2.4 微生物调查 ····························································································· 61
2.2.5 鱼类调查 ································································································ 63
2.3 河流湖泊生物栖息地评价 ·································································· 65
2.3.1 河流湖泊生物栖息地类型 ··········································································· 66
2.3.2 河流湖泊生物栖息地调查方法 ········································
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